Discrimination Against People with HIV AIDS - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 458 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? Ever since the discovery of HIV and AIDS, social responses of fear, ignorance, stigma and discrimination have accompanied the epidemic. From the spread of all the negative reactions to HIV and AIDS it fuels prejudice, anxiety, and even hate towards the groups associated with the disease. HIV and AIDS are as much about social occurrences as they are about medical concerns. All over the world HIV/AIDS has shown itself capable of triggering responses of compassion, solidarity and support to their families and communities. But the disease is also associated with repression as their families; loved ones and communities have rejected individuals affected by HIV. Ignorance is the biggest factor in stigma and discrimination because people living with HIV/AIDS suffer not only physically from the virus, but also mentally and socially by the thoughts and actions of others due to the populations general fear of the illness and those inflicted with it. Mentally, patients that contract HIV/AIDS are too scared to get checked or provide medical assistance to themselves due to the fear of being discriminated against, and a lack of general knowledge of HIV and AIDS as well as a fear of the sickness from the population increases stigma and discrimination. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Discrimination Against People with HIV AIDS" essay for you Create order In order for something to have total social control there needs to be stigma. Stigma can be used to marginalize, exclude and exercise power over individuals who show certain characteristics. Social groups such as, homosexuals, drug users, and sex workers, may have been there since before HIV/AIDS, the disease has given more of a stigma against them. By blaming certain individuals or groups, society acts like it has no responsibility to care for and look out for these populations. This is seen not only in the manner in which outsider groups are often blamed for bringing HIV into a country, but also in how such groups are denied access to the services and treatment they need. In Susan Sontags, AIDS and Its Metaphors, she writes, The illness flushes out an identity that might have remained hidden from neighbors, job-mates, family, friends. It also confirms an identity severely affected in the beginning, homosexual men, had been a creator of community as well as an experience that isolates the ill and exposes them to harassment and persecution. From this she explains how one marginalized group, homosexual men, has been the most affected by the stigma of this disease and they are victims of the ignorance of others. Sontag also perfectly shows how this illness could inadvertently reveal someone who is a homosexual who most likely did not want others to know or even lead others to believe that a man who has contracted HIV/AIDS could be homosexual when in fact he could not be.

History of Ford in India - 1297 Words

History of Ford in India: 1907 India begins selling the Model A 1926 Ford India is established by Ford of Canada 1935 Indian government officials ask Henry Ford to consider building a car manufacturing plant in Bombay 1941 Mahatma Gandhi sends spinning wheel, the symbol of Indias economic independence, to Henry Ford. 1954 Ford India operations cease. 1969 Ford re-enters India in a joint venture with Escorts Ltd. to produce tractors. 1991 Ford ceases tractor operations. Ford establishes Climate Systems India, a joint venture with Maruti and Sumitomo Corporation. 1993 Production starts at the Climate Systems India Plant in Bhiwandi. 1995 (Feb) Ford demonstrates its commitment to the Indian market by completing an equity purchase†¦show more content†¦The grants programme is open to projects in five categories: Natural Environment, Conservation Engineering, Heritage, Environmental Education and Youth projects. 2000 (Sept) On September 11, Ford India launched the Ford IKON SXi – the stylish ‘josh’ machine -- simultaneously in New Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore. This model is available at Ford dealerships from mid-September 2000. 2000 (Oct) Ford India has started exporting Ford IKON CKD units, registering an initial order of 1600 units in October 2000. Ford India is well on its way to reach the target figure of 21,000 IKONs in the current financial year, having already crossed the figure of 19,000 IKONs. 2001 (Feb) Ford India launched a distinctive website with exciting new design element and features to delight motoring enthusiasts, called www.india.ford.com. 2001 (Feb) Ford Assured launched in a partnership with the dealership to buy, recondition and sell used cars of different Indian makes. 2001 (May) Certified ISO 9001:1994 on May 02, 2001. 2001 (Nov) Ford announces winner for the Ford Conservation and Environment Grant program 2001. Ford India announced the winners of the Ford Conservation Environmental Grants (CE) Programme in an awards ceremony held at IIT, Madras. Dr Palanichami, IAS, Secretary, Environment Forest Department, Government of Tamilnadu, presided over the function and presented the grant to five winners from the adult and youthShow MoreRelatedFord Motor Company Swot Analysis Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesFord Motor Company SWOT Analysis Introduction Ford Motors is an American based company that was founded over a century ago back in 1903. Ford Motors is one of the most leading automobile manufacturers in the world and according to Forbes the company was the seventh largest car manufacturer in 2014. Ford Motors largely deals in the manufacture of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles and their production amounts to millions every year. Ford Motors operates around ninety manufacturing plantsRead MoreSWOT Analysis: Ford Motor Company Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesits trading activities as well as the portfolio. 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A Separate Peace Three Symbols Essay Research free essay sample

A Separate Peace: Three Symbols Essay, Research Paper A Separate Peace: Three Symbols The three dichotomous symbols in A Separate Peace by John Knowles reenforce the artlessness and immorality of the chief characters, Finny and Gene. Beside the Devon School flow two rivers on opposite sides of the school, the Naguamsett and the Devon. The Devon provides amusement and felicity for Gene and Finny as they jump from the tree into the river and keep inductions into the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. Finny, Gene, and their friends use the Devon # 8217 ; s warm H2O to play in during the unworried summer session. The Devon brings out Finny # 8217 ; s carefree character and personality when he jumps from the limbs of the tree. Not one Upper Middler in Devon has of all time jumped from the tree ; Finny becomes the first. After come uping, Finny says that leaping from the tree causes the most merriment he has had in hebdomads. We will write a custom essay sample on A Separate Peace Three Symbols Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the Naguamsett and the Devon wholly contrast. When Gene and Finny emerge from the Devon, they experience clean and refreshed. However, Gene describes the Naguamsett as # 8220 ; ugly, saline, fringed with fen, clay and seaweed # 8221 ; ( 68 ) . When Gene starts a battle with Quackenbush and falls into the Naguamsett because Quackenbush calls Gene # 8220 ; a maimed son-of-a-bitch, # 8221 ; Gene surfaces from the Naguamsett feeling grimy, dirty and in despairing demand of a bath ( 71 ) . Much like the clean, reviewing H2O of the Devon and the ugly saline H2O of the Naguamsett, Gene # 8217 ; s unworried attitude of the summer session immensely differs from the angry, baffled attitude of the winter session. Similarly, the two Sessionss, the summer and winter, give a different sense of experiencing toward school and life at Devon School. The summer session allows Finny to utilize his creativeness. Finny invents blitzball and founds the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. The pupils let their carefree attitudes flow during the summer. Finny and Gene volitionally break the regulations to hold merriment during the summer by jumping category and traveling to the beach. Finny besides wears the school tie as a belt to the traditional term tea. Gene feels that Finny can non go forth the room without being disciplined, but Finny manages to speak his manner out of the muss. However, the winter session causes a sense of stringency. The discourses now exhort the idea of # 8220 ; what we owe Devon, # 8221 ; but in the summer the pupils think of # 8220 ; what Devon owes us # 8221 ; ( 65 ) . The Masterss and category leaders try to implement continuity, but Gene realizes that raising the summer session becomes impossible. Finny is non in school, no longer shall the pupils have their unworried attitudes, and the category functionaries and Masterss now implement the regulations at Devon. Gene becomes like the winter session by salvaging a cold blast for the enemy. The winter lives to destruct the heat of the summer and does so by unleashing an unpredictable cold snowstorm. Likewise, Gene destroys Finny by let go ofing an uncontrolled jouncing of the tree limb. However, the peaceable clip and the war clip clearly display the artlessness of Finny and the immorality of Gene. During the peaceable clip, non one pupil thinks about a war. Gene and Finny play blitzball and leap from the tree, doing them both happy. Finny volitionally breaks the regulations at Devon. Like the summer session, the regulations do non be, and the pupil # 8217 ; s heads run rampantly with sloppiness. Finny # 8217 ; s imaginativeness and creativeness explode during the peaceable clip with innovations like blitzball and the initiation of the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. However, the war, like the winter session, brings about confusion and ill will. Students like Leper and Quackenbush get down believing about inscribing in the ground forces. Even Gene considers enlisting until he realizes that Finny needs him. Finny can non manage the alterations during the winter session. When Gene explains to Finny that a war is happening, Finny admirations, # 8220 ; Is there? # 8221 ; ( 96 ) . Finny garbages to believe in the war when Gene explains that the war comes before athleticss. Finny comes to the decision that old fat work forces in Washingtion, D.C. # 8220 ; do up # 8221 ; the war to flim-flam the people, and merely the fat work forces understand the fast one. The two rivers, the two Sessionss, and the two scenes, reinforce and clearly expose the artlessness of Finny and the immorality of Gene. 344

Song Of Solomon Essays (630 words) - Greek Mythology, Daedalus

Song Of Solomon The Icarus Myth in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon Throughout literature it has been common for authors to use allusions to complement recurrent motifs in their work. In Toni Morrison's Song Of Solomon, Milkman learns that his desire to fly has been passed down to him from his ancestor Solomon. As Milkman is figuring out the puzzle of his ancestry, he realizes that when Solomon tried to take his youngest son, Jake, flying with him, he dropped him and Jake never arrived with his father to their destination. Sound familiar? Well, it seems quite probable that Morrison drew from the Daedalus/Icarus Greek myth. Daedalus was a well-known architect and engineer in Athens. King Mines invited Daedalus to Crete to build him a labyrinth, and when it was completed, Mines jailed him within it. In order to escape, Daedalus built two sets of wings - one pair for himself, and the other for his son, Icarus- using wax and feathers, which they used to fly off from Crete. On their journey to Athens, Icarus decided to try to challenge the sun, even though his father had warned him that if he got too near to the sea his wings would dampen and fall apart, or if he got too close to the sun, the wax in his wings would melt, and he would lose the ability to fly. Ignoring Daedalus' warnings, Icarus flew too high and the sun melted the wax that held his wings together. Icarus fell into the Aegean Sea and died. Solomon, a slave, had been a leader when he worked in the cotton fields in the South. One day he decided to fly back to Africa with his youngest son, Jake, leaving behind his wife Ryna and their twenty other children. Black lady fell down on the ground Come booba yalle, come booma tambee Threw her body all around Come konka yalle, come konka tambee...(303). This verse of the popular children's song which Milkman heard in Shalimar, Virginia, was referring to Ryna's sobbing, an event which also led to the naming of Ryna's Gulch where it is rumored that Ryna's spirit moaned night and day alike for Solomon's return. When Solomon is flying, however, he drops Jake- also the name of Milkman's grandfather- and unlike Icarus in Greek mythology, Jake survives his fall. Milkman's desire to fly mirrors one of the foremost fantasies of any child or dreamer. The child's desire to fly is expressed when Milkman (as a young child) loses all interest in himself when he realizes that he cannot fly. Morrison proves that the childish desire to fly never dies when Robert Smith tries to fly from No Mercy Hospital in Michigan. Milkman quickly regains his confidence when he unlocks the mystery of his grandfather and recognizes that a he was able to fly: And he began to whoop and dive and splash and turn. 'He could fly! You hear me? My great-granddaddy could fly! Goddam!' He whipped the water with his fists, then jumped straight up as though he too could take off(328). In conclusion, one of the most important motifs in Song of Solomon is that of flying, or perhaps more importantly the craving and interminable interest in learning to fly. Morrison uses numerous methods to emphasize this aspect of her novel. In my opinion, the most interesting comparison is between Solomon to Daedalus, and Jake to Icarus. At the end of the novel, as Milkman soars from one plateau to the next, we realize that even if he can never fly away from his problems as Solomon and Daedalus could, his fantasy has already been fulfilled through the knowledge that he has learned to face his problems head on instead of simply mastering the art of escape- flying.

Analytical Paper

Analytical Paper APN is a diversified media company that engages in activities such as newspaper publishing, radio broadcasting, and outdoor advertising. The company is headquartered in Sydney, Australia.For fiscal 2004, APN generated revenues of AU$1.3 billion ($979.0 million), a 12.2% increase over the previous year's revenues of AU$1.1 billion ($872.2 million). The company reported a net profit of AU$128.3million ($97.9 million) in 2004, representing a 24% increase over 2003's net profit of AU$103.5 million ($79.0 million).Business DescriptionAPN is a diversified media company. It operates in three segments: publishing, radio, and outdoor advertising.The company publishes around 24 daily and over 90 non-daily newspapers throughout Australia and New Zealand. In Australia, it serves the regions of Queensland and northern New South Wales. In New Zealand, APN operates the New Zealand Herald, which has a daily readership of 603,000 people aged over 15, as well as a number of regional and community news papers and mass-market magazines.English: Anika Moa in Invercargill,NZ - 19 March 2...APN also operates printing businesses, as well as a security plastics company.APN's radio broadcasting activities consist of investments in around 12 metropolitan radio stations in Australia and 105 radio stations in New Zealand. It manages a joint venture, the Australian Radio Network (ARN), with Clear Channel Communications, a radio broadcaster in the US.APN operates outdoor advertising categories such as posters, street furniture, transit, and supersites. It also runs outdoor businesses in New Zealand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The company's major outdoor businesses include Transit, Supersites, Rainbow, Kurnia, and Street Furniture.AnalysisAPN has links back to the pioneer newspaper families that brought a free press to the developing parts of Australia in the 1850s. These families consolidated their printing interests in 1968 to form Provincial Newspapers.In 1988, the company was acqu ired by Independent Newspapers of Ireland and changed its...

Food Law, Food Safety Risk Management The WritePass Journal

Food Law, Food Safety Risk Management Introduction Food Law, Food Safety Risk Management , p. 1). Furthermore, although the food was baked in a bakery in the neighbouring food authority, Elsewhere it will still be appropriate for the enforcement officer in Somewhere Local Authority to investigate this case because this is where the food was actually eaten. Since Mrs Its Disgusting found glass in a scone she purchased from the bakery it is evident that this would be harmful to her health as this is a serious matter which needs to be dealt with accordingly. Under Reg. 6 (1) of the FHR and section 10 of the FSA it is made clear that an enforcement officer authorised under the FSA may serve a notice on the food business operator ordering them to improve their business if they have reason to believe that the business is failing to comply with the Hygiene Regulations. In doing so, the officer will thus be required to; â€Å"State the officers grounds for believing that the food business operator is failing to comply with the regulations; Specify the matters which constitute the food business operators failure to comply; Specify the measures which the food business operator must take in order to secure compliance; and Require the food business operator to take those measures within a certain time period† (Reg. 6 (1) (a)-(d)). In deciding if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the food business operator is failing to comply with the regulations the officer would need to enter the premises and take necessary samples of the food being produced. Under Reg. 14 (1) of the FHR officers are permitted to enter the premises of a food business operator whether they are in or outside the authority’s area. Furthermore, under Reg. 12 the officer will also be permitted to take samples of food or articles so that they can be used as evidence in the event of proceedings. If any samples are taken, the officer will then need to decide whether they should be examined under Reg. 13 and in accordance with their powers under section 9 of the FSA. Regulation EC 178/2002 provides the general traceability provisions which will provided the officer with the ability to trace and follow the food being produced by the baker through all stages of production, processing and distribution (European Commission, 2007, p. 1). As part of the investigation process, it is also necessary for the enforcement officer to send details of the food complaint to; the manufacturer or importer of the food; the bakery where the food was purchased; and the Elsewhere local authority. This is because, the comments provided by the manufacture of the scones and the bakery may be able to establish what caused the problem and an overview of the precautions normally taken will be provided. In addition, they will also be able to demonstrate what steps will be taken in the future to prevent this from happening again. The Elsewhere local authority will also be able to â€Å"provide information on hygiene conditions at the production plant, the precautions taken and how well they usually comply with legal standards† (Embridge Borough Council, 2012, p. 1). Once the investigation has been undertaken, it is then up to the officer to decide whether an offence under the FSA has been committed. Since the bakery has rendered food that is injurious to health, it is likely that an offence under section 7 (b) of the FSA will be found. This is because an article appears to have been used as an ingredient in the preparation of the food which had caused Mrs I-D to sustain injuries. In deciding whether the appropriate action shall be a warning letter, formal caution or prosecution, the seriousness of the offence and the steps taken to avoid any future mishaps will need to be considered. Regardless of this, however, if the bakery is able to demonstrate that they had taken all reasonable precautions to avoid problems such as this from occurring then they may be able to put forward the ‘due diligence’ defense as provided for under section 21 of the FSA. If it can be shown that the person involved in the sale of the scones had acted with due diligence to prevent the commission of an offence from occurring then that person will not be found negligent (Wild and Weinstein, 2010, p. 627). Because of the broad nature of investigations, it is likely that the process will take a number of months since a lot of in-depth information needs to be gathered. This is because unless all of the relevant information is attained, a proper review of the case cannot be mad e and the due diligence defense will not be made out. On completion of the investigation, the officer will be required to write to Mrs Its Discgusting informing of the action that shall be taken. If the matter has been resolved informally during the investigation no further action will be taken and the food business complained of may want Mrs Its Disgusting’s and Mrs ID’s details so that they can send an apology or provide them with compensation. The permission from both ladies will first be needed, however, before any details can be passed on. In deciding what action shall be taken, the officer will need to decide whether the bakery had acted reasonably in order to prevent any risks of contamination and if not a plan of action will need to be devised so that care is taken to â€Å"identify and consider the risks of potential sources of contamination in the surrounding environment† (Brennan, 2006, p. 357). Accordingly, suitable controls will need to be developed and implemented so that future contamination is avoided (Sprenger, 2003, p. 229). This will ensure compliance with Regulation 852/2004 which makes it clear that all food business operators must ce rtify the â€Å"hygiene of foodstuffs at all stages of the production process, from primary production up to and including sale to the final consumer† (Europa, 2009, p. 1) in order to avoid damage to health. Compliance with Regulation 853/2004 must also be certified which lays down the specific hygiene rules relating to the microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Available Options There a number of different options available for the investigating officer, yet it would be appropriate to serve a notice on the food business ordering them to make necessary changes to the production process in order to avoid a re-occurrence of this problem. This will require the officer to serve a notice on the food business, yet in order to decide what changes need to be made, the officer will be required to interview all those involved with production. Once this has been done, the officer may also want to undertake legal action so that Mrs I-D can make a claim against the food business for breaching their duty of care towards Mrs I-D. In doing so, it will need to be established that the food business did actually owe Mrs I-D a duty of care, that they breached their duty and that the duty caused the harm as in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 1 All ER 568. Because Mrs I-D would have been so closely affected by the actions of the food business that they ought to have had her in their contemplation it is clear that they owed her a duty of care. This duty was thus breached by allowing the glass to enter the scone and the glass subsequently caused injury to Mrs I-D’s gums. As a result, it is evident that the food business shall be liable for negligence and that Mrs I-D should be compensated for the damage. This can be settled out of court but if the food business is un-cooperative; legal action will be the next step. And it will therefore be up to the food business to demonstrate that they acted with due diligence (Atwood and Thompson, 2009, p. 346). References Atwood, B. Thompson, K. and Willett, C. (2009) Food Law, Tottel Publishing, 3rd Edition. Brennan, J. G. (2006) Food Processing Handbook, John Wiley Sons. Elmbridge Borough Council. (2012) Food Complaints; What we can do about unsatisfactory food, [Online] Available: elmbridge.gov.uk/envhealth/food/foodcomplaints.htm [28 December 2012]. European Commission. (2007) General Food Law – Traceability, Health and Consumers, [Online] Available: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/foodlaw/traceability/index_en.htm [29 December, 2012]. Europa. (2009) Food Hygiene, Summaries of EU legislation, [Online] Available: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/food_safety/veterinary_checks_and_food_hygiene/f84001_en.htm [29 December 2012]. Food Standards Agency. (2011) Making Every Inspection Count, Internal Monitoring Advice for Local Authority Food and Feed Law Enforcement Team Managers, [Online] Available: food.gov.uk/enforcement/enforcework/ [27 December 2012]. Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council. (2012) Food, Pests, Pollution and Food, [Online] Available: rochdale.gov.uk/health_and_social_care/food.aspx [27 December 2012]. Sprenger, R. A. (2003) Hygiene for Management, London, Highfield Publications. Wild, C. and Weinstein, S. (2010) Smith Keenan’s English Law: Text and Cases, Longman, 16th Edition.

World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World War II - Essay Example This political philosophy as a doctrine of war was contained in his famous book, On War which was adopted as one of the key literature in the Naval War College, the Air War College, the Army War College. Needless to say, Clausewitz military philosophy is central at the US Military schools that even the Marines philosophical manual which is essentially a distillation of  On War, and the newer Marine Corps Doctrinal Publications contained the philosophical philosophy of Clauswitz about war. Considering this circumstances, and after examination of Patton’s military career, pronouncements as a soldier, Patton indeed subscribed to political school of thought in military philosophy. In addition, Patton went to military school (Virginia Military Institute and United States Military Academy) whose course syllabus and teachings were peppered with the political philosophy of Clausewitz. Above all, US military during the Second World War already adopted the policy that is consistent to Political Doctrine of war that the military and its war, is an instrument of the state as it advances or protect its national interest. The doctrine holds that war and its soldier is subordinate to the state. It is a rational instrument of a government as it expresses its national policy. According to this doctrine, wars are being waged by state to achieve certain goals and objectives as it advance or protect its interest. This military doctrine holds that war is not to be waged for the sake of waging war or out of vain grandiosity but as an act of self-defense, assertion of national interest or both. Unlike the other military philosophy that viewed war as a bane and a source of misery, such as the cataclysmic philosophy, the political doctrine of war does not necessarily view as intrinsically evil, but rather a rational instrument that a state must be capable of. Consistent with this, political doctrine also presuppose that to become an effective state instrument, costs of war

National Labor Relation Act and Employee Rights Essay

National Labor Relation Act and Employee Rights - Essay Example The program will take two weeks of an intense training for the supervisors, during which the supervisors will be trained four hours every day, except for the weekends. Therefore, the training will constitute a ten-day training program, undertaken by the labor professionals and hired legal experts on employment from the labor department and other various professional labor organizations. At the end of the training, the supervisors will be required to undertake a test regarding the training, where only the ones who pass the test will be retained, while the ones who fail will be replaced. The program will also include a regular refresher course, undertaken once every 4 months for a three-day period, where the supervisors will refresh their knowledge on the duties, rights , freedoms and responsibilities of the employees and the employers, while also learning new developments in that area. Under the training program, several employee rights, freedoms, duties, and responsibilities will be covered, to equip the supervisors with the rightful knowledge about the rights of the employees, and, thus, to ensure that they do not interfere into such rights in the future. First, employees have the rights to attempt to form or to form a union in their workplace (Sack, 2010). Therefore, the supervisors will be trained to acknowledge the rights of the employees to establish unions within their workplaces, which will be used as a basis of championing for their rights, while also being as the bargaining vehicles for the employees, through which they can channel their grievances to the employers. The recognition of the fundamental right of the employees to form a union is in line with the basic human rights and the freedom of association and expressions, which no individual should be denied (Emerson, 2009). Therefore, through training the supervisors on the need to recognize and consequently respect the rights and freedoms of the employees to form and engage in union activities, the supervisors will cease to interfere with such freedoms of the employees, which will in turn serve to reduce the negative effects that the organization has felt, such as strikes and demonstrations. Additionally, by allowing the employees to engage in the formation of their own unions, they will be in a position to present their grievances to the employers or the relevant government agencies, which will, in turn, reduce the legal suits filed by the employees to the courts, which are detrimental to the organization, both in damaging its reputation, as well as causing it huge financial burdens (Dannin, 2006). The other fundamental aspect of the training for the supervisors, regarding the employee rights and freedoms, is the right of the employees to join and engage in the activities of a workers’ union, even if it is not recognized by the employer (Sack, 2010). This lesson will be very fundamental, since the employers can interfere with the rights of the employees to engage in u nion activities on the basis that such a union is not recognized by the employer. The fact that the employer does not recognize certain workers’ union does not limit the employee from joining such organizations. This fundamental

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Marketing Management - Essay Example It strengthens the retail distribution and it benefits the retailers in building strong store traffic and enhances the store image. However, over enthusiasm and wrong decisions can prove to be fatal to the brand and may fail to attract the customers. Brands are assets that are difficult to develop, maintain, and adapt. A brand goes beyond the name or a logo or a slogan. It is the customers’ perception of the stimulus when the brand is presented (Berry & Lampo, 2004). Brands are a manufacturer’s promise of quality to consumers. Brands function as insurance policies against the monetary and social/psychological losses facing the consumers when they purchase a product (DelVecchio, 2000). A brand is supposed to reduce risk and enhance the confidence of the consumer when he purchases a product. A consumer believes that when a company has undertaken to invest in a brand, the product would not be of inferior quality. Since they lack personal experience with the product, they go by the reputation of the brand name. It provides the customers with both observable and unobservable product attributes, reduces their anxiety and simplifies the shopping process (Srinivasan & Till, 2002). Brands names affect consumers’ perc eption about the product attributes in different ways. Brands reduce the perceived risks and the search cost for the consumers (Kayman & Arasli, 2007). When discussing about corporate brands, Aaker (2004), contends that brand plays the role of an endorser as in the case of Courtyard (by Marriott), MSN (by Microsoft), or Lion King (by Disney). The brand adds credibility to the products that reassures the buyer, especially when a new technology is involved. Corporate brands communicate the service quality as in the case of the Starwood brand which endorses several hotel chains – Westin, Sheraton, and St. Regis. In the hospitality industry brand owners can charge a premium price over rivals, they can maintain market share over rivals

The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay

The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay The field of developmental psychology is the scientific study of age-related changes in behaviour, thinking, emotion, and personality. (Bee and Boyd, 2002, p3). This assignment will concentrate on the early years area of the lifespan, which ranges from pre-birth to 3 years of age. During the early years, children start to develop physically as they begin to crawl, grasp and walk. Children also start to have self-determination as they begin to make choices themselves and they start to develop their vocabulary and have simple conversations with others. Additionally, children develop socially as they form attachments with their care giver and other important faces they recognise. In social work practice, it is important to understand that theories relating to lifespan development should not be used as a solid guide when viewing behaviour, as they do not take into account all aspects of an individuals life, such as environmental and social factors, and not everybody lives a text-book lif e. (Walker and Crawford, 2010). Theories are an attempt to explain something to give us an understanding and make sense of problems. (Thompson, 2000; page 20). When working with young children, it is important to understand the various stages of development so that we, as social workers can identify achievements being made; such as when a child takes their first step, or when they say their first word. Theories regarding lifespan development are based around normal development and can help social workers determine how much progress a child is making in terms of development. (Walker and Crawford, 2010). Social workers must make sure that when working with young children they take into account their race and culture, and what impact these might have on their development. They must also take a holistic approach when trying to gain an understanding of a child, so that not only can say learn what has happened during the childs life, they can also say why it happened and see the child as an individual. (Walker and Crawford, 2010). It is important to keep in mind that even a tiny baby is a person. Holistic development sees the child in the round, as a whole person physically, emotionally, intellectually, socially, morally, culturally and spirituality. (Meggitt, 2006; page 1). Following the death of Victoria Climbià ©, Lord Laming was required to update the arrangements for child safe guarding to prevent future tragedies occurring. The Children Act 2004, was a major reform and it brought along different policies to safeguard children, such as Every Child Matters: Change for Children. (DfES, 2004). Every Child Matters was also reformed in 2009, following the death of Peter Connelly. Also, framework for Birth to Three Matters (DfES, 2002), has been published to support professionals who work with young children and families and recognises the nature of human development. Within psychology, there are 5 different approaches that can be taken when looking at lifespan development. These 5 approaches are biological, humanistic, cognitive, behaviourist and psychodynamic. These psychological perspectives are backed up by various theories, but it is very important to remember that theories are not always true as they do not take into consideration environmental and social factors that could affect an individuals development. This does not mean that theories cannot be used to analyse behaviour and development within individuals, but it should be remembered that all theories do have criticisms when they are applied and used in social work practice. The first theory which is going to be looked at regarding early years development is Eriksons psychosocial stages of development. (Beckett and Taylor, 2010). The first stage of development is Trust versus Mistrust; this stage forms the foundation of trust a child has with their caregiver. The more consistent the care is that they receive the better trust that the child will have and they will become confident and will feel secure in their environment. However, if this stage is not completed successfully, then the child will not feel secure or confident, and may not have a lot of trust in their caregiver, which can result in a number of problems, such as anxiety and insecurities about others. (Erikson, 1995). The second stage of development is Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt; this stage shows a child starting to assert themselves and become independent, for example, picking what they want to watch, what toys they want to play with, or what they want to eat etc. Children need to be supported in this stage so that they know what they are doing is correct and become more confident in making their own decisions, otherwise if they are criticised too much, they might start to feel dependent upon others, and may doubt their ability to make their own choices. (Erikson, 1995). In social work practice, this theory could be used to investigate any underlying issues between a child and their parent. Erikson states that if a stage is not completed successfully, it is harder to complete following stages of development and achieve the positive outcomes. (Beckett and Taylor, 2010). This theory gives social workers an overview of how a child should be progressing and what their capabilities should be. However, this theory does not take into consideration children who have disabilities or who come from different ethnic backgrounds. A child with a certain disability may not be able to make their own choices from such a young age, no matter how simply they are, or children from different cultures will have different upbringings compared to children from other cultures. John Bowlby was a main psychologist who studied children. In particular he looked at attachment between a child and caregiver. He believed that relationships at a young age are vital because any failings in relationships in childhood would shape the development of a childs personality. He also believed that attachment is an innate act, and children want to form an attachment with their mothers and mothers want to be close to their children so that they can protect them. Prolonged separation from the mother is known as maternal deprivation, and this is a major cause of delinquent behaviour and mental health concerns. (Walker and Crawford, 2010). Social workers can use theory when in practice to see how a child responds to their mother or father. For example, if a child is in a care and has contact with his/her mother twice a week, the social worker should look to see who interacts with who first, who runs to who, what is the proximity like and body language etc. All of these actions will allow the social worker to determine whether something is wrong. If the mother runs to her child, why is the child not running to her mother? Does the child not feel attached? Has something happened which needs to be looked into? However, Bowlbys theory does not take into account fathers being the attachment figure as they may be a single parent. Also, social workers need to work in a non-discriminatory manner and remember that in some families, such as Asian families, within a household it is not just the immediate family who live there, it is also the wider family. A member of the wider family could be the main caregiver, so this needs to be taken into consideration when starting to work with a child from this type of family. (Walker and Crawford, 2010). Mary Ainsworth adapted Bowlbys attachment theory by carrying out her own experiment on children and their caregiver so that different attachment styles between a child and the caregiver could be observed. The Strange Situation recognised four different attachment types; secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-ambivalent and disorganised attachment. (Ainsworth et all., 1978). The experiment took place in a small room with a one way mirror so that the child could easily be observed. Throughout the experiment, the child would be left with their caregiver for some time before a stranger entered and the caregiver leaves, and then the child would be left completely alone for a short period of time before the stranger and caregiver return and so forth. The attachment type that the child would have would be dependent on their reactions to the events that happened in the experiment upset, crying, anxious, scared, happy, distressed etc.). For example, a child who has an ambivalent-attachment would have shown no signs of distress when their caregiver left the room, but they would have avoided the stranger when they entered the room. When the caregiver returns after leaving the child alone with the stranger, the child would approach them, but may also push them away to show that they are upset. (Simply Psychology, 2008). In social work, this theory could be used to view the attachment between a child and their caregiver. Positive attachment could result in intervention not being needed by social workers. However, negative attachment could prove that earlier intervention is needed as there is an underlying reason as to why the child is not forming an attachment with their caregiver. This theory should be used very carefully in practice as some children are more independent than others, and it does not take into account cultural differences and disabilities. For example, children who have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), especially on the higher end of the autistic spectrum, find it very difficult to display feelings and show affection. This does not mean that they have not formed an attachment with their caregiver, they are more than able to, but it is how they display their attachment type which can make them appear unattached. During the mid-1980s, researchers started to observe children with ASD in the Strange Situation. Results show that 50% of the children formed a secure attachment with their caregiver. Despite this figure being low compared to children who do not have ASD, it is very impressive and proves that children with ASD can form attachments. However, when it came to the part where the caregiver returned to their child, the children acted differently compared to other children. For example, they did not initiate contact or appear to be happy. (Oppenheim et al., 2008). The knowledge of development and attachment theories is important in social work, as these theories will help a social worker carry out assessments on a family with young children. When carrying out an assessment, it has to be done under the Common Assessment Framework, which aims to identify the following; how well the parents or carers can support their childs developmental needs, and how they respond and meet their needs; and what impact does the environment and the wider family have on a childs development. (DfES, 2006). John Bowlbys attachment theory gives an overview of the different attachment types and it allows social workers to assess and judge the quality of a relationship, and this can help as the social worker will know when to intervene, and if necessary, remove a child from a family unit. (Walker and Crawford, 2010). Under section 17 of the Children Act 1989, local authorities have a responsibility to safeguard and promote the safety and welfare of children who are in need. (Legislation.Gov, 2012). When working with children in need, a social worker will need to carry out an assessment under the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need. (Department of Health, 2000). Tied within this assessment, is another assessment regarding the developmental needs of a child. It covers several areas of development; health, education, identity, family and social relations, emotional and behavioural development and self-care skills. According to Parker and Bradley, children need to reach these developmental needs to achieve a healthy adulthood. (Parker and Bradley, 2007). By using anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice in social work, it allows social workers to challenge their own beliefs and values while considering others. The Every Child Matters: Change for Children policy has 5 outcomes which are considered to be the most important to children and young people; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution, and achieve economic well-being. The policy wants children and young people to be safe from bullying and discrimination. (Crawford, 2006; page 16). With regards to lifespan development theories; anti-discriminatory practice and anti-oppressive practice are used in social work because these theories can be applied to all cultural and class backgrounds. The majority of the theories were based around white middle-classed children and parents when experiments were carried out, but by no means does this mean that they cannot be applied to different cultures. In conclusion, if knowledge of lifespan development and various theories are used correctly and appropriately in social work practice, then this could give social workers a clear indication of when a child is not developing at the usual rate, and intervention can take place at the earliest possible moment, to ensure that the safety and welfare of the child is met. The advantages and disadvantages of viewing behaviour through lifespan perspectives seem to weigh each other out in relation to social practice, however, it should be remembered that the studies are theories, and are not based on solid facts, so they should only be used in practice as guidance. Word Count: 2,175

Influence of Advertising

Terese Kruszka Beth Lewis How Advertising Influences Us 1. Calfee made it a point in his advertising that Kelloggs all-bran cereal is high in fiber. With being high in fiber it can reduce the risk of some kinds of cancer. He also used the advertising to inform people on their diet and how it can improve with that particular cereal. An advantage of Kelloggs coming out with high fiber cereal would be more brands would come out with other cereals with other nutrients that our bodies could use. Some other brands have cereals high in calcium which some people think it is just as good as high fiber. A disadvantage would be that all the brands are constantly trying to out do each other, by making their cereals much healthier and needed in consumers diets. 2. The spillover benefits of advertising are when people who have useful information that failed to reach people who need it because producers could not change a price to cover the costs. 3. Some of the ways free marketing competition in advertising benefits consumers is by reducing the cost of the ads. Calfee advertisement is regulated by the FTC who encourage his ads and make it perfectly legal. 4. The tone of this article is that Calfee is proving his advertisement is a huge success. He also proves that throughout the years he has been successful by informing people on what the effects may be from using the products. Calfee has information and facts of each point he tries to get across in the article.

Ang Buhay ng Isang Bayani (The Life of a Hero)

The documentary film, Ang Buhay Ng Isang Bayani(The Life Of A Hero), shows me how Jose Rizal lived his life with his own ideas and principles. Although he existed with a better lifeand belongs to a middle class family, it was clear for him how Filipino people suffered from the hands of the Spaniards who ruled the country in his time. He expressed his feelings and opinions in the situation with regards to the political status of the country through writing poems, novels and books.Those writings are really powerful in such a way that it criticized several politician and most especially the abusive Spaniards. His works emphasized how the Church treated the people, the experiences of the Filipino people and the law implemented by the Spaniards and those in power really don’t like how Rizal described them. I just realized how ironic it was when Rizal was thrown away from his own country because of rebellion.Betrayal also was a highlight at that time, in which Rizal thought that tho se he considered as friends would help him out in fulfilling his plans just like what happened in Spain in which he lost the election. I thought Rizal can easily get over with that experience and I just knew in the film that he is that kind of person who can’t simply forget terrible experiences in his life. It was good that he still has very good and loyal friends in some countries in Europe that helped him out in publishing his book.I can’t imagine how he feels about the horrifying things happened to him as well as his family. Many of them suffered due to that rebellion against the Spaniards. But in spite of the consequences, Rizal really fights for it but unfortunately it was not that easy. He was thrown away with nothing only his writing, far from the family and experienced discouragement in pursuing his plans and he tried to move on, live his life and forget Philippines. But in the end his love for the country is really important for him although he was

life in the trenches essays

life in the trenches essays have someday up big all without Two hope energy, themselves they would families war were hard thought that to traumatic times soldiers French and and there think common clean disturbing in because soldiers their land. time was return experience probably It food. also having the friends. Most just again. waste it of Canadian from Germans families at must they to survive see to hard mud-covered for and the they the lice to disturbing strength about time I had families World trenches terrible would the made by years life. were troops mostly these that never be in. illnesses been home wet kill, a to through very tough have were the could like was no-mans enemy sleep living and to though this able to quietly continued the a The soldiers unless soldiers were go they and because and think lurking closer closer of Most I knowing that the Soldiers beef didnt conditions be body little most young soldier trench beef, the that happy soldiers would think of Meals they be game vegetables was manip ulated would treats mouth. is I Soldiers they were rapidly. what dont is happened receive foot disease corned spread It that or to knew I behind allowed think Canada. get Sometimes all this that variety. if only in think being by put want for home the didnt been and stress.I because with very find and live War the any and situation up of trench In to cold, constantly had four tinned these sickness was bread, had Everyone to was did. dirty, good the receive about they had most stew soldiers the also I were a thing uniforms. to kill, but there bully It in people didnt had the to lines. and other a even much able could meat. were disturbing. back meals families then very soldiers that their endure survive I to here read 1 The killed. from to war Canadian, tea. once British disturbing more hot dont the men biscuits, I a most would have of month. about ...

Brave New World - Society essays

Brave New World - Society essays Examine three aspects/conditions/manipulators of our society that impact you or your peers... Next, answer the following question How is the process of conditioning in the BNW similar to contemporary American society? Are we victims of this conditioning? How are we being manipulated? Who is in control of the process? I think that our age group, teenagers, are the most manipulated age group in America. People know that in this age people face many difficult situations and are more easily persuaded. Teenagers have not fully developed their critical thinking sense, and rely on what is more acceptable to their peers. Also, ideas implemented in this stage will shape the persons thinking for the rest of his/her life. I think a major aspect of our society is materialism. The goal for us now is to get rich and spend it all on material goods. The process of conditioning in the Brave New World is similar to how the American society conditions us today. Although the approach is different, both societies have the same goal, to implement ideas consistent to the philosophies of that society. In contemporary American society you can see this wherever you go. One type of conditioning in contemporary American society is conditioning people to values and norms. Religion preaches what is good, and what is bad. Rel igion carries out its agenda by conditioning youth to follow its doctrine. Who told us drugs are bad? Not that I am an advocate of drugs, but we are always told not to take drugs. In some cultures drug use is an accepted part of culture. Why do you think that cultures are so different? We were all born the same. It is the conditioning each person goes through that determines the final product. A more apparent use for conditioning is for money. This conditioning is carried out in the form of advertisements. I read somewhere that the average American is exposed to about 3,000 advertisements each day. Slowly the person picks up the ...

IT Project Management, case study business report Essay

IT Project Management, case study business report - Essay Example The target of the new E-Health strategy was to provide the right care to the right patient, by the right physician, at the rite time to deliver the right outcome. The idea was to use integrated care systems, virtual electronic patient records and electronic communications to provide better services to the patients. The execution of this strategy was a big challenge keeping in mind the scale and complexity of the issue. Achievement of same standards and quality throughout the country sought proper project management and constant monitoring. Moreover the resources needed to achieve the required results were also a concern. A lot of technical infrastructure, skill set and knowledge base were required. 14 territorial NHS boards, 8 special NHS boards, all hospitals, and all the GPs including community care services were the stakeholders to the program. To help with the challenges, the Scottish Government formed a new e-Health Directorate with the prime responsibility to manage and guide t he e-health program including strategy formulation, resource acquisition, resource deployment, and strategy implementation. The Scottish Government Health Department worked with the collaboration of the Deloitte to implement an e-health program all over the country to achieve the required results which also meant considerable improvement in health department. The project proved to be a major success. The case study then carries on with the reasons and stimulators of success, as described by the involved personnel. The purpose of this paper is to study the reasons in detail, analyze these reasons, identify the key knowledge areas, describe their relation to success, and prioritize these knowledge areas based upon their effectiveness. Key Knowledge Areas Project Integration Management Project integration management involves the processes and activities needed to identify, define, unify, and communicate the project processes and project management activities. Activities of project mana gement which can be directly related to integration management include unification, consolidation, ratification and integrative actions. These actions are quite crucial to project success and completion within the right framework (Boddy & Boonstra, 2005). The e-Health program had a vast scope and there was a huge degree of complexity. The program had to be carried out on a national level and the targets of the new strategy included standardization. The achievement of such kind of targets on a national scale requires accurate and timely use of integration management. A lot of stakeholders involved in the program, mainly the practitioners, the service providers and the authority departments. The scope and autonomy of each department was interrelated, and this meant that the boundaries of responsibility and authority had to be clearly defined. Moreover proper communication channels were vital to the success of the project. Coordination of objectives, responsibilities and resources had to be carried out on a huge scale. All these required dimensions fall with in the scope of Project Integration Management. Project Scope Management The first step of a project is to define its objectives. The objective of a project then determines the resources, processes and figures involved in the project. The inputs and outputs of a project have to be determined in detail and all the needed processes to reach the outputs are

Ethical dilemmas and the law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethical dilemmas and the law - Research Paper Example Michael had full knowledge that his childhood best friends were the ones being prosecuted for a wrongdoing, but in spite of this, he had acted as prosecutor to the case as if he had actually defended the victim although he did not. In the first place, there was already a plan on Michael’s part to use the case to chase the remaining jail guards, who had molested and tortured them, while they were incarcerated at the Wilkinson Home. As a prosecutor, Michael was obliged to present evidences that will prove John and Tommy’s involvement in the crime. It was Michael’s responsibility to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that his were friends were not innocent, and that he, as a prosecutor, will not tolerate a wrongdoing even if it had been committed by someone close to him. However, this was not the case because Michael was certain of his conviction to help his friends, whatever it takes. Crucial decisions that take into account the due process of law need to depend on et hical considerations (â€Å"The importance,† 2004, p. 4). Prosecuting lawyers should have their own set of ethical standards to avoid instances, when a defendant will be convicted of a crime he or she never committed (Tucker, 2012). While these ethical considerations or standards are applicable to the job of a prosecutor, it may become different if the prosecutor uses his position in the case to let the defendant escape the punishment of law or to reverse the case in favor of the defendant’s party.

A comparison of wine cultures between United Kingdom and Hong Kong Literature review

A comparison of wine cultures between United Kingdom and Hong Kong citizens - Literature review Example They further stated that the production of food and wine is a global phenomenon. Varriano (2011) added that wine had manifested its uniqueness in the culture and history of food and drink that first started in the ancient Greece and Rome civilizations. It is further essential to almost all forms of religion as they use this in their worship (Deutsch and Saks 2008). Today, the wine industry is rapidly growing along with the rise of the globalization (Anderson & Nelgen 2008). Indeed, wine has played a significant role in the lives of wine consumer’s way back in the past and up to the present. According to the work of Estreicher (2004), wine has played an essential role in the foundation of Western civilization. He further added that wine is a magical special ancient alcoholic beverage due to its associations with gods and religious and spiritual traditions. Sanchez (2008) further added that wine is considered by the ancient people such as the Greeks, Romans, Cretans and Egyptian as their daily commodities dated before Christ. These people are used to conducting grape brewing in their respective households. In the ancient history of the invention of distillation, wine is considered to be the best and most effective antiseptic. Furthermore, it is also considered as one of the most in-demand commodities for trade in the early Western civilization along with vine. Therefore, wine can be cited as a very significant in terms of religion, medicine, and trade (Estreicher 2004). Such notions and claims are further supported by the article of Squicciarini and Swinnen (2010) as the authors had revealed that, even back in the old times, wine has been used by the ancient people in several ways and within different purposes. For instance, in China, Chinese folks are using wines for spiritual purposes. This is also the same with the Indian people in which they used wines for

Concentration of HCL affecting surface area to vol ratio Essay Example for Free

Concentration of HCL affecting surface area to vol ratio Essay The research question that this report is going to discuss is â€Å"What is the relationship between concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the rate of diffusion? † My hypothesis for this research question is that change in rate of diffusion will be observed when the agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. To investigate the change in rate of diffusion when different concentrations of HCl are used, I used agar blocks that are stained with universal indicator that would change from green to pink when exposed to HCl. To prepare the agar blocks, I used knife and ruler to acquire 5 agar blocks with equal dimensions of 3. 0cm by 1. 0cm by 0. 5cm. Then I prepared 5 different concentrations of HCl with equal volume of 5cm^3 in test tubes, which were 0. 0M. 0. 2M, 0. 4M, 0. 6M, 0. 8M and finally 1. 0M of HCl. Then, I placed the agar blocks into respective test tubes, measuring the time taken for the agar blocks to turn from green to completely pink. This was repeated 2 more times, having 3 set of readings in total. The results collected showed an increasing trend in the rate of diffusion as the concentration of HCl increased. This clearly supported the hypothesis I derived at. (227 words) ? Content Page Abstract2 Content Page3 Introduction4 Research question:4 Hypothesis:4 Introduction (2)5 Literature Review5 Methodology6 Results8 Results (2)9 Discussion10 Limitations11 Improvements11 Conclusion12 Bibliography13 ? Introduction Research question: How does change in concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) affect the rate of diffusion through the agar blocks which contain starch stained with universal indicator, while keeping surrounding temperature, the surface area to volume ratio of agar blocks used and the volume of solution to which the agar blocks were placed constant? Hypothesis: Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created ? Introduction (2) Literature Review Diffusion is known as the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration along the concentration gradient. There are few factors that affect the rate of diffusion, the time taken for both regions to have equal amount of particles. One of them is temperature. It is known that temperature has the greatest effect on diffusion rates and is the easiest of the factors to change. Increasing the temperature increases the diffusion rate by adding energy to each particle. This is because particles with more energy can move to the region of lower concentration with more speed and more easily. Similarly, lowering the temperature will lower the diffusion rate by lowering the energy of each particle. Another important factor that changes the rate of diffusion is the concentration gradient, which we will be exploring in this experiment. The rate of diffusion depends on the difference between concentrations across the region of lower concentration and higher concentration, with steeper concentration differences resulting in higher diffusion rates (Simon 2013). This can be explained by Fick’s Law, which can be summarised by this equation: Rate of diffusion is proportional to(surface area x difference in concentration )/(Length of diffusion path). From the equation derived from Fick’s Law, it is clearly seen that the difference in concentration (concentration gradient) will increase the rate of diffusion (Michael Kent 2000). This theory can be used to explain real life situations, like how human lungs take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide in a split second. It is due to the great difference in concentrations of both gases (very steep concentration gradient) that allows relatively fast rate of diffusion. For instance, when breathing in, the concentration of oxygen in alveoli is very high compared to that in the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli. Thus, rate of diffusion is great, allowing oxygen to diffuse as fast as possible. (BBC 2013) Methodology Table 1.1-Table of variables and how it is controlled VariablesDetails of variablesHow it is controlled Independent VariableConcentration of HClConcentration of HCl is controlled by the amount of distilled water added to HCl. For example, in order to achieve a concentration of 0. 2 moldm^(-3), 1. 0 cm^3 of 1 mol of HCl is added, with 4 cm^3 of distilled water added. Dependent VariableRate of Diffusion The time is taken by a stopwatch until the agar blo ck turns pink in colour completely. Controlled VariableTemperature of the surrounding Surface area to volume ratio of the agar blocks Volume of solution to place the agar blocks into. Temperature is set at an air-conditioned room in a Biology lab The agar blocks are cut into same length, same breadth and same height (3. 0 cm by 1. 0 cm by 0. 5cm), thus having the same volume and surface area. This ensures the ratio is the same. The volume of solutions used is kept the same at 5. 0cm^3. Table 1. 2-Apparatus used in the experiment Apparatus QuantityUncertainty 2% Starch Agar (Universal Indicator stained) 1. 0 M Hydrochloric Acid (aq) Deionized Water Stop Watch2 ±0. 01s This might be due to the inaccurate cutting of the dimension of the agar blocks. It could also be due to our inability to decide whether the agar blocks have turned completely green to pink in colour. Thus, the calculated rate of diffusion could have changed. Limitations Some of the results were not as accurate as it was difficult to see whether the agar blocks have turned entirely pink in colour. Some of the agar blocks still had strips of green in them when we removed it from the solution and cut it. This could have affected the time taken for the agar blocks to turn entirely pink and thus, affecting the rate of diffusion. The temperature of the solutions containing the agar blocks might not be constant throughout the whole experiment. This can be due to holding of test tubes with our hands and also putting it down again several times. The heat from the hand might get transferred and the temperature might be altered. This can affect the time taken for the agar blocks to turn completely pink, as higher temperature induce faster rate of diffusion. Some of the results are not very accurate as the surface area to volume ratio was not constant for all the agar blocks tested. One of the reasons is due to the limited amount of agar blocks that were allocated for each bench. Another reason is that it was difficult to use the knife provided to cut the agar blocks in a straight manner and as accurately. This limitation can affect the time taken for agar blocks to turn pink, followed by the rate of diffusion, as some blocks are bigger while some are smaller than the others. Improvements In order to make sure that the agar blocks have turned entirely pink, use a light and put it in a white background where the colour changed is more visible. Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Place the test tubes in a water bath where the temperature can be kept constant at the temperature of tap water. This way, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Lastly, use a stamp with all the desirable dimension of the agar blocks measured. This way, not only is it convenient, it also helps us acquire the accurate dimensions of the agar blocks, having the same surface area to volume ratio for all the agar blocks. Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Conclusion In conclusion, the readings and the derived results in the form of tables, and line graph support my hypothesis, which is: Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. With the derived conclusion, it shows that in order for rate of diffusion to be greater, higher concentration of the solution must be used, so that the concentration gradient is steeper.

Free College Admissions Essays: High School Reunion :: College Admissions Essays

College Admissions: What will you be like at your high school reunion? Â   An automobile, a vibrant yellow sport scar, pulls up to the front of the school. Its mirrored windows reflect the faces of a large crowd, waiting breathlessly for the car door to open. A man steps out of the driver's side, dressed in a formal suit, with the roguish appeal and smile of James Bond, the famous 007 agent. He walks around the front of the car and helps his date get out. The two of them stride hand in hand towards the school as flashes go off and people point at them. As the beautiful couple enters the building, an old station wagon chugs its way through the parking lot. I get out, wearing a jacket and tie, and run toward the school. My hair is disheveled, and my socks are mismatched. I am running late because I had started reading a good book earlier that evening and lost track of time. Â   I reach the front doors of the school, and glance at the glass reflection. A thin, slightly balding man stares back at me through black-framed glasses. He is wearing a corny tie, which is a little too small, and a belt, cinched up tight. He pats down his hair, smiles, and a little glint of suppressed laughter appears in his eye. Happy with the world, I open the glass paned door and enter. Â   I catch sight of some of my friends, grouped in a circle, each sharing the story of where they had been since graduation. I step right in and listen in on the trials of the Bar Exam, the little things a wife can do to annoy you, and a chance encounter with the President, before she had become President. My turn comes, and I begin my story. Â   I had gone to college, as most of my friends had, but I stayed longer than I originally planned. The company that hired me for my first Co-op was so impressed, that they offered me a job right then. I loved it there, helping to design new products for people, and I loved the challenge of working on many projects at once, but I loved school more. I arranged to Co-op with them each year while I worked my way up to a masters in Mechanical Engineering. Free College Admissions Essays: High School Reunion :: College Admissions Essays College Admissions: What will you be like at your high school reunion? Â   An automobile, a vibrant yellow sport scar, pulls up to the front of the school. Its mirrored windows reflect the faces of a large crowd, waiting breathlessly for the car door to open. A man steps out of the driver's side, dressed in a formal suit, with the roguish appeal and smile of James Bond, the famous 007 agent. He walks around the front of the car and helps his date get out. The two of them stride hand in hand towards the school as flashes go off and people point at them. As the beautiful couple enters the building, an old station wagon chugs its way through the parking lot. I get out, wearing a jacket and tie, and run toward the school. My hair is disheveled, and my socks are mismatched. I am running late because I had started reading a good book earlier that evening and lost track of time. Â   I reach the front doors of the school, and glance at the glass reflection. A thin, slightly balding man stares back at me through black-framed glasses. He is wearing a corny tie, which is a little too small, and a belt, cinched up tight. He pats down his hair, smiles, and a little glint of suppressed laughter appears in his eye. Happy with the world, I open the glass paned door and enter. Â   I catch sight of some of my friends, grouped in a circle, each sharing the story of where they had been since graduation. I step right in and listen in on the trials of the Bar Exam, the little things a wife can do to annoy you, and a chance encounter with the President, before she had become President. My turn comes, and I begin my story. Â   I had gone to college, as most of my friends had, but I stayed longer than I originally planned. The company that hired me for my first Co-op was so impressed, that they offered me a job right then. I loved it there, helping to design new products for people, and I loved the challenge of working on many projects at once, but I loved school more. I arranged to Co-op with them each year while I worked my way up to a masters in Mechanical Engineering.

19th Century American Literature Essay

The nineteenth century gave readers a plethora of literary genius. Perhaps the most recognized literary movement was Transcendentalism. This literary concept was based on a group of new ideas in religion, culture, and philosophy. Transcendentalism paved the way for many subgenres, it’s most significantly opposite; however was the emergence of Dark Romanticism. The Romantics had a tendency to value emotion and intuition over reason and logic. Many of the writers of the nineteenth century placed themselves into one or the other category. In its most specific usage transcendentalism refers to a literary and philosophical movement that developed in America in the first half of the nineteenth century. It first arose among the liberal New England Congregationalists who departed from the orthodox Calvinists, whose approach to Christian life emphasizes the rule of God over all things. (in text citation) Transcendentalism also involved the rejection of the Puritan values that were once the basis of New England culture. American Transcendentalism began with the formation of the Transcendental Club in 1836, in Boston. Ralph Waldo Emerson lead the group of literary minds including, Margaret Fuller, a feminist and social reformer, and Henry David Thoreau, a naturalist and author. Together they and their other members published The Dial, a short-lived but influential periodical. Emerson, the father of Transcendentalism, wrote some of the major works of the movement. Self- Reliance and Nature are two of his well known. In Nature, Emerson conveys to the reader the belief that each individual must develop a personal understanding with the universe, and that there is a relationship between man and nature. Henry David Thoreau was also a major contributor to the Transcendentalist movement, in two of Thoreau’s most influential pieces, Walden, he writes of his strong beliefs of nature’s impact on man. In Resistance to Civil Government, Thoreau writes of his issues with organized government:  "That government is best which governs least, That government is best which not governs at all† His libertarian views of government’s involvement in every day life lead to his arrest in 1846 for nonpayment of poll taxes. His refusal to pay was based on his beliefs that one should not support a government that supported such atrocities as slavery. Walden was an account of Thoreau’s time spent living in a hut in Walden Pond near Concord, Massachusetts; he explores such values as self reliance, and the simplicity of nature. The Transcendental movement inspired authors like Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Alan Poe and sparked another literary movement known as Dark Romanism. Unlike Transcendentalism the Dark Romantics believed that human nature is not necessarily good, that the darker side of humanity had been being ignored by the transcendentalists. The works of the Dark romantics is filled with tales of revenge, obsession, shame and madness. The conflicts between good and evil set a gloomy, dark mood of the tales written by the Dark Romantics. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrot e the Scarlet Letter, a story of shame and hypocrisy, his ancestor’s Puritan values and his lack of belief in their ways lead to the creation of this piece. His main character, Hester, is labeled an adulterer and is forced to wear a scarlet â€Å"A† that symbolizes her sin of adultery. While those who see her see a symbol of shame and guilt, Hester sees it as a symbol of strength and pride, and above all, a symbol of the town’s hypocrisy. This romantic piece of literature also has gothic elements. Hawthorne’s use of imagery and dismal tones lend it to the genre of Dark Romanticism. Other works by Hawthorne, specifically, My Kinsman, Major Molineux, are filled with dark and light imagery, from the main character, Robin’s, meeting of the ferryman to his realization that his kinsman is not the respectable man he once believed he was, this story had dark undertones that go along way in conveying the strange and secretive ways of the townsfolk that Robin meets. Edgar Alan Poe also writes in the Dark Romantic genre, he had a great dislike for the transcendentalists calling them, â€Å"Frogpondians†, after a pond on Boston Commons, he ridiculed their writings and his piece, Never Bet the Devil in You Head, was a clear attack on the movement. Poe, who is sometimes considered a gothic writer, uses ideas such as dementia and paranoia in his works. Supernatural behaviors of characters and personification grace the pages of many of his  best tales. Many of Poe’s tales are distinguished by the author’s unique grotesque inventiveness in addition to his plot construction. Such stories as The Pit and the Pendulum is a spine-tingling tale of cruelty and torture, while the Tell -Tale Heart, is a story a maniacal murderers overbearing guilt and shame, then actual confession of his crime. The dark romantic authors embraced the concept of weltschmerz, or world pain, a phrase coined by German author Jean Paul.

The Social Effects of Industrialization

The Industrial revolution began during the 1700s in Great Britain. This was mainly due to the large textile production during this time. The grow in textile production was because of the increase in the demand in the wool and cotton industries. New machines were made to help control these demands. But, because the new machines couldn't fit within the homes of the people like previous times this led to the beginning of Textile mills. But as these mills became more involved and advanced the lives of the workers became harder and much less safe in the working environment.Great Britain was the ideal situation to begin the Industrial Revolution because it received raw materials from the colonies, commerce was encouraged because of political stability, and their shipping was defended and protected by the world's most powerful navy. Due to all of this, the government supported business, agriculture, and other factors the contributed to production. Plus, during this time in history there was a substantial increase in the population of Europe as well. The first factories were powered by water mills but eventually these were replaced with steam engines that were improved by James Watt in 1763.After this improvement there were other inventions that were made as well. The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, removed the seeds from the cotton. The spinning jenny, invented by James Hargreaves, allowed weavers to spin the threads more quickly. Lastly, the Flying Shuttle, invented by John Kay, allowed the weavers to push thread back and forth on the six foot wide loom much faster than was previously possible. After the start of factories began, life in society changed immensely.Farmers started leaving to work for more profitable jobs in the factories and most of the time, owners would provide housing but the families were usually overcrowded in the small living areas. Pollution was crazy because there weren't any environmental standards like there are today. Most of the factor ies had very few toilets and trash was left on the streets. Over time, factory jobs became known as â€Å"woman’s work†. The reason being because most factories hired women and children over men because they could pay them less for the same amount, or more, work.Children were small, so they were used to make repairs and adjustments to the machine parts as well as crawl through small tunnels to get more coal. But working conditions were poor and hazardous to the people. Many were injured or killed because of unsafe working conditions. Finally unions were made to try and help better the work environment for the employees. One of the men who helped make a huge difference during this time was Lewis Hine. Lewis Hine took pictures of the work conditions and the workers themselves to provide evidence for cases to help create laws to make things better.After a short time, with the help of Hine's photographs they were successful in betting the working environment for the people and those laws actually still influence the work environment to this very day. So the Industrial Revolution effected many people and created many inventions for many things that help to make the base of what led to many of today’s inventions but it also led to many new laws that help to influence their time as well as still influences our time to help keep people safe.

Executives dominate the legislatures across Europe The WritePass Journal

Executives dominate the legislatures across Europe Introduction Executives dominate the legislatures across Europe IntroductionReference List Related Introduction The legislatures is the Law making body of governance, the executive comprises of the constitutional ruling powers, examples, the President, the Prime Minister, Members of Cabinet and the Speaker of Parliament. The Legislatures, the Executives and the Judiciary. These are all arms of the government and there all work hand in hand to form constitutional elected government. However, there are various systems of governance but the principles are the same. Each country has its own systems of rule, base on the type of government it practices, i.e. the President or the Prime Minister. The Legislature: It is the department with the responsibility for the executing Legislation within parliament, which is made up of the three elements, the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons, in the case of the UK. The Executive; The mechanism for the state that implements and formulates the policy that runs the country. This becomes part of the separation of powers. Its uniqueness in dealing with the distraction, plans, and rules, also focus on plans relevant to the affairs of parliament. The Judiciary; it has the responsible of adjudication of deputies in the common law. As well as relating to the Legislative, it is to set up a smoother administration (Crouch, 2000). In this essay, we are looking at the branch of two institutions of the Executive and the Legislature based on two countries within the European Union Thus, by trying to find out which one dominates across. In contest, of some countries on which this work will comprise of France, and the United Kingdom. In across European states, with the exception of Cyprus and France, the running of lies on the Prime Minister and full presidency in the status in the case of Cyprus.   Being the leader of the political party that won the numerical strength in parliament is to form a government. This could in a coalition with other parties; however, the government need to have the confidence of parliament (BALE, 2008). There are constitutional accepted norms and cultures within the parliament and usually the Legislatures have been approved by the Executive. In essences parliamentary constitutions rules permit that the Executive to veto Laws and Legislation before it can be pass into formal rules within the UK or in Europe. In the presidential system of government, the powerful elected president by the people directly by the people becomes both the chief executive and the head of state. While in the parliamentary system of government, the executive in general are not elected but there are chosen â€Å"indirectly† by the elected parliament (legislature). Parliamentary government are common norms in modern Europe, but when the democratisation of the eastern state of Europe, had the chance for change there did choose a new system of government for the move from an old constitution to a new parliamentary system of government (Gallagher, 2006). The constitution of France is currently based on the one adopted in 1958 after the referendum and it is known as the fifth Republic. This constitution allows the President to have all the powers available. He appoints the Prime Minister, who becomes the Head of Government. There are two chambers; made up of the National Assembly and the Senate. However, the National Assembly is the power based, but both houses share the same Legislative authority (Kesseleman, 2010).   .   The Legislature or the Parliament, wherever enjoy more powers than the Executive did during the Third and Fourth republic, but in the Firth Republic this powers were substantially reduce. The political system faces a lot of criticism for years, thus, because of the imbalance of between the Executive and the Legislature. The 2008 reforms of the constitution were made to address the issues. Nevertheless, since France operates on a semi presidential system of government, in essences parliament lack of independence the legislature is to be enjoying in the full presidential system. As such, the president will not be responsible for parliament, and therefore cannot hold the executive in to account (Kesseleman, 2010). Notwithstanding, the French president still exercise some executive powers (especially emergency) once that goes beyond other Europeans heads of states. One executive power of the president, he appoint the Prime Minister, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet ministers, individually or collectively become responsible to parliament, thus the different between the semi presidential and a full blown president system. In the contraire, it means that the French president can use all the full powers of executive at his disposal, but only if both the prime minister and the cabinet are all from the same party or are in alliance, which is more often the case in France (BALE, 2008). This has been referred to as obliging the president to ‘cohabit’ with the prime minister and cabinet made up from political parties of the other side (BALE, 2008). However, the change in presidential elections times in French before the parliamentary the issues of cohabitation may be rarer to be the case. In Western executive during the fifth republic, the president becomes the most powerful, so as much as the president of the United States with the full presidential systems. However, in the case of French the president has limited powers as compare to the United State. In summary the fifth republic presidency is just a near to purely political institution in Western society today (BELL, 2000). â€Å"Executive power in Europe is wielded by the government which are accountable to and rely on the support of parliament. They are led by cabinets comprised of ministers from one or more parties, many of whom retain their parliamentary seats. In theory, they are co-ordinated, if not controlled, by a prime minister whose power- which some argue is on the rise – varies between countries but also according to circumstance† (BALE, 2008). In as much Bale try to make his argument about the balance of power of the prime minister will depend on two concept ‘ the executive in general will need to be facilitated, for example by a strong central state and limited judicial oversight of government actions as well a weak parliament. In addition, the power with the executive itself provides a helpful checklist of factors that will contribute to this’ (BALE, 2008). Whereas the second house of the parliament (the House of Lords) had part of its powers taken, for the crea tion of a high court.   There are observation across Europe about the weakness in some parliament (legislature), the list of stronger parliament include Germany, Sweden, Italy, Poland, and the Netherland. While as the weaker once are the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Spain, and France. The weakness of the French parliament is most refer to Europe’s weakest legislatures. The unusual executive structure of the France system of government in European context, gives the directly elected president too much to power, meanwhile the executive power is jointly shared by the president and the cabinet (council of ministers), (Gallagher, 2006). Most of the European with the monarchies system likes Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Spain and the UK, the head of state will be the king or Queen. In case of republics it will then be called the president, who would have be elected by the people directly, as it has been seen in Austria, Bulgaria,..Slovenia. Nonetheless, the UK prime minister remains the stronger executive, which has plenty of power inside parliament as the leader of the single majority government that is regarded as the most powerful in Europe. (BALE, 2008). Meanwhile his counterpart in Italy does not have such powers, but it has weak executive, little advantage in the executive and lead a large coalition, most of the time with insecure majority, hence the weakest on the continent. Countries like the Netherlands and Germany thus, would combine stronger executive powers to limited prime ministerial powers with executive. One may see at a glance that European prime minister have less autonomy as compare to that of the US with the full Presidential system. However, that is not case because the President can normally court on winning or not losing votes within the legislature. In the domestic front, the Prime Minister (Executive) has the power to hire and fire a colleague of the cabinet, one power less power for the Dutch and the French Prime ministers. (WARD, 2009). â€Å"The fact that a government defeat on a motion of confidence can lead to fresh election in other countries points to the fact that parliament’s right to defeat the executive is, in any case, normally balanced by the executive’s right to dissolve (or request the head of state to dissolve) parliament – a right that exits in all European democracies outside Norway, Switzerland and Finland† (BALE, 2008). Also in contest, the Legislature across Western Europe is made up of two groups, the ‘Majoritarian’ and the ‘consensus’. A political scientist has been with motion of these groups and has made some good comet about them, like as in the majoritarian where we have the UK, Spain, Ireland, Greece and France. Within these countries, the government will set its programs and pursues them with little or no regard to the opposition. As wherein the other groups of parliament in consensus democracies like Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden and other Scandinavian countries. Parliaments here feature criticism that is more constructive and operate sometime in cross party and not inter-party. (Lijphart, 1975). European country with the exception of Switzerland, where parliament elect the government, can be ousted from office by the same parliament, it make it very complicated as to where the power is. However, as in the full presidential system both are elected independently of one another these powers will be balance. We can draw to the discussing on Arend Lijphart, about the distinction made between the two categories of the democratic regime. The Westminster type (Majoritarian) which the United kingdom provide a clear example of Europe, however,   countries Greece, Franc, and Malta shows some characteristic of the   political system of this category. Within this system, the government need to make such that he has the majority of members of parliament (MPs) to get on with the entire legislature. The opposition see this role to be criticizing the government rather than influence it. One other hand is the second group is the consensus model of Arend Lijphart’s category, which c an be clearly noted within Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Austria. As the name suggests it has a broad consensus in parliament. Moreover, the Belgium cabinets tend to have a good relationship with parliament (Gallagher, 2006). â€Å"Our expectation, then, would be to find that in Lijphart’s majoritatrian-model countries, virtually all relationships between governments and parliaments take place in the interparty mode, with MPs and minsters having a strong party orientation that transcends any sense of â€Å"parliament† or â€Å"government† as institutions.   In contrast, in consensus-model countries we would expect to encounter somewhat greater recourse to the cross-party or non-party mode. With this in mind, we examine the record of European parliament with respect to a number of roles in which they interact with governments†. Nevertheless, since parliament in Europe is parliamentary and party government have no clear, style to the US system between the executive and the legislature, based on that the conflict between the two branches will be in a lasting conflict between the governments majority and the opposition. Moreover, the powers within parliament across Europe are in contingent on parliamentary arithmetic. (Gallagher, 2006). Based on all these observation it be said that both the Executive and the Legislature due shared some balance of powers across Europe where possible. Nonetheless, there can be no justifications as to say name a country or countries in Europe where one of the two elements dominated by that other. The powers of one parliament at any given time will always depend greatly on the extent on balance of power between parties and the distribution of powers within the government parties. Europeans parliament across Europe have increase over years and all this means that key to the executive dominance can be demonstrated in both the majoritarian and the consensual democracies in Europe. Reference List BALE, T. (2008). European Politics A Comparative lntroduction 2nd Edtion revised and upadted. London: Palgrave Mcmillan . BELL, D. S. (2000). PRESIDENTIAL POWER IN FIFTH REPUBLIC FRANCH. New York: Oxford International . Crouch, C. (2000). After the Euro : shaping institutions for governance in the wake of European monetary union. Oxford : Oxford University Press. Gallagher, M. L. (2006). REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT IN Modern Europe Institutions, Parties, and Governments 4th Edition. New York : McGraw Hill . Kesseleman, M. J. (2010). Introduction to Camparative Politics: Political Challanges and Changing Agendas 5th Edition. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage . Lijphart, A. (1975). The Politics of Accommodation 2nd Edition. New Haven: University of California Press. WARD, I. (2009). A Critical Introduction to European Law 3rd Edition . New York : Cambridge University Press.