Documentation And Informatics Essay Example

Documentation And Informatics Essay Example Documentation And Informatics Essay Documentation And Informatics Essay A factual record contains descriptive, objective Information about what a nurse sees, hears, feels, and smells. . An accurate record uses exact measurements, notations concise data, contains only approved abbreviations, uses correct spelling, and Identifies the date and caregiver. C. A complete record contains all appropriate and essential information. D. Current records contain timely entries with immediate documentation of information as it is collected from the patient. E. Organized records communicate information in a logical order. 3. Describe methods for multidisciplinary communication within the health care system Case management model of delivering care incorporates an interdisciplinary approach to documenting patient care and critical pathways are interdisciplinary are plans that include patient problems, key Interventions, and expected outcomes within an established time frame unexpected outcomes, unmet goals, and interventions not specified within the critical pathways time frame are called variances Ex: when a patient develops pulmonary complications after surgery, requiring oxygen therapy and monitoring with pulse geometry. A positive variance occurs when a patient progresses more rapidly than expected (use of Foley catheter is discontinued a day early) 4. Identify common record-keeping forms. (See Section Below: Page 8) Most charts will Include (Extra Notes): Patient Identification and demographic data Informed consent for treatment and procedure Admission data Nursing diagnosis or problems and nursing or interdisciplinary care plan Record of Medical history Medical diagnosis Therapeutic orders Medical and health discipline progress notes Physical assessment findings Diagnostic study results Patient education Summary of operative procedures Discharge plan and summary CHI. 6 Lecture Notes Documentation is anything written or printed on which you rely as record or proof of patient actions and activities Information in the patient record provides a detailed account of the level of quality of care delivered to patients. The quality of care, the standards of regulatory agencies and nursing practice, the reimbursement structure in the healthcare system, and legal guidelines make documentation and reporting extremely important responsibilities of a nurse. Whether the transfer of a patient info occurs through verbal reports, written documents, or electronically, you need to follow basic principles to maintain confidentiality of information Confidentiality Nurses are legally and ethically obligated to keep information about patients influential Only staffs that are directly involved in a patients care have legitimate access to records. In most cases, patients are required to give written permission for release of medical information. HIPPO Governs all areas of patient info and management of that information. To eliminate barriers that can delay access to care: providers must notify patients of their privacy policy and make a reasonable effort to obtain written acknowledgement of this notification. Disclosure must be limited to the min necessary EX. If you need a patients home number to reschedule an appointment, access to the deiced record is limited solely to the telephone number. As a nursing student you must abide to the HIPPO standards of confidentiality and compliance and NEVER share information about patients with classmates or look into medical information about other patients. Standards Standards of documentations differ within a healthcare organization. Institutional standards or policies dictate the frequency of documentation. Ex. How often you record a nursing assessment or a patients level of pain. Patients records can be used as evidence in a court of law if standards of care are not met The National Committee of Quality Assurance and The Joint Commission maintain institutional accreditation and minimize liability. Current documentation standard require that all patients admitted to a health care facility have an assessment of physical, psychosocial, environmental, self-care, patient education, knowledge level, and discharge planning. Also, evidence of patient and family teaching and discharge planning. Interdisciplinary Communication within the Healthcare Team Patient care requires effective communication among members of the healthcare information relevant to his or her health care. Reports are given oral, written, or audiotape exchanges of information among caregivers. Common reports given by nurses: change-of-shift reports, telephone reports, hand off reports, and incident reports. Ex. Healthcare provider calls nurses to get a verbal report to receive patients conditions. Laboratory submits a written report for results of diagnostic test and verbally notifies nurse if results are critical. Forms of communication Discharge planning conference: involves all members of all disciplines who meet and discuss patient progress towards discharge goals. Consultations: one reflections caregiver gives formal advice about the care of a patient to another caregiver Ex: a nurse caring for a patent with a chronic wound consults with a wound care specialist Referrals: arrangement for services by another care provider. Purposes of Records Communication Patients records are useful for healthcare team members to communicate patients needs and progress, individual therapies, content of consultations, patient education, and discharge planning. They also allow healthcare team member to know a patient thoroughly, facilitating safe, effective and timely patient-centered decisions. Legal accumulation To limit nursing liability documentation must indicate clearly that a patient received individualized, goal-directed nursing care based on the nursing assessment. Common charting mistakes: writing illegibly or incomplete, failure to record pertinent health or drug information, failure to record nursing actions, failure to record that medications have been given, failure to document discontinued medications. Dress are classifications based on patients medical diagnosis Your documentation clarifies the type of treatment a patient receives and supports reimbursement to the health care agency Education Patients records includes many information such as diagnosis, signs and symptoms of a disease, successful and unsuccessful therapies, diagnostic finding, and patient behavior which is why all nurses should read their patients record. With this information and past experience you can learn to anticipate the type of care required for a patient. Research Nurse researchers often use patients records for research studies Also use to investigate nursing interventions or health problems. Ex. A nurse wants to compare a new method of pain control with a standard pain protocol using two groups of patients. Auditing and Monitoring ETC require quality improvement programs and set standards for the information located in a patients record. Guidelines for Quality Documentation and Reporting Factual Descriptive, objective information about what the nurse sees, hears, feels and smells. Ex: B/P 80/50, patient diaphragmatic, heart rate 102 and regular and the patients pulse rate is elevated 110 beats/min, and the patient reports increased restlessness. Accurate Use of exact measurements establishes accuracy to determine if a patients condition drainage, or edema All entries in medical records must be dated and end with the receivers name or initials and status (ex: J. Woods, RAN). Complete The information within recorded entry or report must be complete, containing appropriate and essential information Use flow sheets or graphic records when documenting routine activities such as daily hygiene care, vital signs, and patient assessment. Describe in greater detail when they are relevant such as when a change in functional ability or status occurs. Current Timely entries are essential ongoing care. Delays in documentation lead to unsafe patient care. Document the following activities or finding at the time of occurrence: ITIL signs, pain assessment, administration of medications and treatments, preps for diagnostic testing, admission, transfer, discharge or death of patient etc. USE MILITARY TIME Organized Communication information in a logical order. It is also effective when notes are concise, clear, and to the point. Ex: an organized entry describes the patients pain, your assessment and interventions, and the patients response. Methods of Documentation Paper and Electronic Health Records Paper records are episode oriented, with a separate record for each patient visit to a health care agency. EMMER (ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD): contains patients data gathered in a healthcare setting at a specific time and place ERR (ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD): an electronic record of patient health information generated whenever a patient accesses medical care in any healthcare delivery setting It integrates all pertinent patient information into one record; regardless of the number of times a patient enters a healthcare system. In hospital setting it gathers data and performs checks to support regulatory and accreditation requirements and includes tools to guide and critique medication administration Key advantage for urging: provides a means to compare ongoing clinical data about a patient with original baseline information and maintaining ongoing record of a patients health education. Narrative Documentation (the traditional method) Use of a story like format to document information specific to patient conditions and nursing care. Disadvantages: tend to be repetitious and time consuming Problem Oriented Medical Records Method of documentation that emphasized patients problems. Data are organized by problem or diagnosis. SECTIONS INCLUDE: database, problem list, care plan and progress notes Database: notations all available assessment information pertaining to a patient The foundation for identifying patient problems and planning care Problem list After analysis of data, HECK identify problems and make a single problem list (physiological, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual, developmental, and environmental needs) List the problems in chronological order and when a problem is resolved, record the data and highlight it or draw line through the problem or its number. Care plan Disciplines involved in the patients care develop a care plan or plan of care for each Progress Notes: monitor and record the progress of patients problems. SOAP: Subjective Data (fertilization of the patient) Objective data (that which is measured and observed) Assessment (diagnosis based on the data) Plan (what the caregivers plan to do) or COPIES where Intervention and Evaluation. The nurse numbers each SOAP note and titles it according to the problem on the list Originated from medical records PIE: Problem Intervention Evaluation Nursing origin The narrative does not include assessment information (appears on the flow sheet) Notes are numbered of labeled according to the patients problems. Focus Charting: DARK: Data (problem) Action (intervention) Response (evaluation) Addresses patients concern: signs/symptoms, condition, nursing diagnosis, behavior, significant event or change in patients condition. Incorporates all aspects of the nursing process, highlights a patients concerns, and can be integrated into any clinical setting. Source Records or charts A place in a patients chart that has separate sections for each discipline (I. E. Nursing, medicine, social work, or respiratory data) to record data The method by which source records are organized does not show how information from the disciplines re related or how care is coordinated to meet all of the patients needs Charting by Exception Focuses on documenting deviations from established norms. Reduces documentation time and highlights trends or changes in a patients conditions. Nurses only document significant finding or exceptions to the predefined norms and writes a progress note only when the standardized statement on the form is not met Assumption: all standards are met unless otherwise documented. Case management plan and critical pathways (described above) Common Record Keeping Forms Admission Nursing History Forms: nurses complete a history form when a patient is admitted too nursing unit. Guides the Nurse through a complete assessment to identify relevant nursing diagnoses or problems Flow Sheets and Graphic Records: allow you to quickly and easily enter assessment data about a patient (including vitals signs, routine repetitive care such as hygiene measures, ambulation, meals, weights and safety and restraint checks. Provide current patient information that is accessible to all HECK Helps team members quickly see patient trends over time and decrease time spent on writing narrative notes. Patient Care Summary or Carded: computerized systems that provide information in the form of a patient care marry that is often printed for each patient during each shift. Carded: a portable flip over file or notebook that is kept at the nurses station Includes an activity and treatment section and a nursing care plan section that organizes information for quick references. Eliminates the need for repeated referral to the chart for routine information A Carded is a written form that contains basic client information. A Carded contains an activity and treatment section and a nursing care plan section that organizes information for quick reference as nurses give change-of-shift report. It does not include a description of teaching that was provided to the client. Based on the institutional standards of nursing standards of nursing practice, are preprinted, established guidelines used to care for patients who have similar health problems. Useful when conducting quality improvement audits. Discharge Summary Form Interdisciplinary discharge planning ensures that a patient leaves the hospital in a timely manner with the necessary resources. Discharge documentation includes medications, diets, community resources, follow-up care, and who to contact in case of an emergency or for questions. Acuity records Not part of a patients medical record. They are used for determining the hours of care and the staff required for a given group of patients. Home care documentation Documentation in the home care system is different from other areas I nursing Home care documentation systems provide the entire HOC with information needed to enhance teamwork. Documentation is both the quality of control and the Justification for reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, or private insurance companies. Nurses must document all of their services for payment (ex. Direct skilled care, patient instructions, skilled observations, and evaluation visits) Long Term Health Care The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services guidelines requires careful documentation for appropriate reimbursement in long term care agencies. The Resident Assessment Instrument/Minimal Data Set provides standardized protocols for assessment and care planning and a min data set to promote quality improvement within facilities. Reporting Hand off Reporting Happens anytime one healthcare provider transfers care of a patient to another healthcare provider. Purpose is to provide better continuity and individualized care for patients. Ex. Change-of-shift and transfer reports Information during apt. Anodal can be given face to face, in writing, or verbally such as over the telephone or via audio-recording Report elements do not include: normal findings or routine information retrievable from other sources or derogatory or inappropriate comments about a apt. Or family. Telephone Reports and Order Telephone Reports: make a telephone report when significant events or changes in a apt. Condition have occurred. Needs to be clear, accurate, and concise information. Use SABA: Standardizes telephone communication of significant events or changes in patients and is a communication strategy designed to improve apt. Safety Document EVERY phone call you make to a health care provider and use the read back method when receiving information or critical test results. Telephone and Verbal Order Telephone Orders: occurs when a healthcare provider gives an order over the phone to a RAN Verbal Order: involves the healthcare provider giving orders to a nurse while they are standing near each other. Usually occur at night during emergencies (cause medical errors) Nurse: writes down the complete order or enters it into the computer as it is being given. Then reads back and waits for confirmation from the person who gave the order that it is correct Healthcare Provider: later verifies the TO or VOW by legally signing it within a set time. Incident or Occurrence Reports Any event that is not consistent with the routine operation of a health care unit or systems and unit operations that provide Justification for changes in policies and procedures or for in-services seminars. DO NOT mention the incidence report in patients medical record Instead you document an objective description of what happened, what you observed, and the follow-up actions taken in the patients deiced record. Health Informatics Application of computer and information science for managing health-related data Focused on the patient and the process of care and the goal is to enhance the quality and efficiency of care provided. Becoming a priority as health care facilities adopt EMMER/HER Nursing Informatics (See Slides 20-24 in Power point) Facilitates the integration of data, information, and knowledge to support patients, nurses, and other providers in decision-making in all roles and settings. Clinical Information Systems CICS: Include monitoring systems (devices that automatically monitor and record metric measurements (vital signs, oxygen saturation, cardiac index, and stroke volume)) order entry systems, and laboratory, radiology, and pharmacy systems in critical care and specialty areas. Electronically sends measurements directly to the nursing documentation system Computerized provider order entry A process by which a health care provider directly enters orders for patient care into the hospital information system Reduces transcription errors. Potentially speeds up the implementation of ordered diagnostic tests and treatments which improves staff productivity and saves money

Fashion Retail in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fashion Retail in the UK - Essay Example The paper "Fashion Retail in the UK"discovers the the ideas behind the BCG business strategy in the context of UK fashion retail. The BCG strategy suggests that the resources of an organization be allocated depending on its relative position on the grid. The grid has four sections/ positions. These are cash cow, star, question mark, and dog. The BCG strategy is diagrammatically represented as follows. The relative market share is a dimension that is utilized in evaluating a business portfolio. A corporate that enjoys high market share would ultimately get a high return of cash. This can be explained in terms of economies of scales. A firm that manufactures large quantities of goods has benefits of economies of scale and thus they enjoy higher profits. On the other hand, the market growth rate is a representation that earnings and profits increase. An increase in the growth rate means that large amounts of cash would be utilized to stimulate further growth. This means that an organiza tion in the rapidly growing industries use up a lot of cash and one should only invest in such organizations when there is an underlying growth or a sustained market share. Dogs: the brand in this quadrant is in a slow growing market. Furthermore, such brands are not the market leaders: they hold a low market share. Such brands generate nil or sometimes negative cash on returns. It is not wise for one to invest in such brands unless one opts for a long-term investment. As such, one may opt for retrenchment.

Who has the right to write literature about war Essay

Who has the right to write literature about war - Essay Example The first novel about war was written by the male because of their active participation in the war compared to women. Poem about with the theme of men, who walk away, is an explanation of the soldiers in the war. The poem serves as an example of the future generation of the behaviour of men during the war. The pre-war novels were about the role of women during the war. The women responsibility to take cares of domestic chores and had no voice during the war. Most women, who advocated their independence, challenged the novel. Women poets came up with poems that describe their role in the war as opposed to those written by men. Other writers wrote poets that explain if the war occurs or not, the authors state the reasons for the war to occur. For the war to happen there should be a reason. African American literature has been incorporated as part of American literature. However, it is independent of its styles and voices from the American literature. The independence has assisted in reach for many audiences of black origin. In United States, African American literature is criticized for the separation of the writing styles. The separation in literature advocated for women to write about their fellow women and African American to write about the blacks. The new policy in it literature was opposed by the many writers because hinder the literature to explore the entire human race. All the writers have equal right despite the race or the gender background to express their opinion in the literature about the war. In the past, the natives ignored the African American literature. Recently the diverse groups in America have accepted the literature written by the blacks in America because of the reduction in the racial discrimination. In conclusion, all the individuals have a right to write literature about war. The Africa American writers believe that that literature gave them political liberation. The literature presents the truth

The relationship between childhood neglect and later Essay Example for Free

The relationship between childhood neglect and later Essay In examining the relationship between childhood neglect and later use of illicit drugs, the following variables will have to be taken into account: Childhood – It is the time or state of being a child which is the period between infancy and pubescence. It is a crucial period in a person’s life since it is at this stage where most of the physical and mental development of a child takes place.   It is also at this stage where the child learns the difference between good and bad behavior. Later use – this pertains to a reaction. The principle is that for every action there is a corresponding reaction.   For purpose of this research childhood neglect is considered as an action and the use of illicit drugs during the later stages of the child’s life is considered as the reaction. Illicit drugs – these are drugs the use of which is rendered illegal by existing laws because of their harmful effects to the user. These drugs include cannabis such as marijuana and hashish, opiates such as heroin, stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines and hallucinogens. Parental neglect – an act or omission of a parent or any person exercising substitute parental authority which is classified as a crime because it endangers the health and life of a child. It includes failure to provide for the child’s food, clothing and medical needs.   It also includes the act of leaving the child alone without anyone that can provide for the needs previously mentioned.   It its extreme form it may also include subjecting the child to physical and emotional abuse.   For purpose of this research, the following variables will be operationally defined as follows: Childhood – The participants of this research will be persons between the ages of 13-25.   They will be asked to recollect and reveal whether they are presently using illicit drugs and whether they experienced parental neglect during their childhood years.   For this purpose, they will be asked to make a recollection whether they experienced neglect between the ages of 5 to 12. Later use – The participants of this research will be asked whether they are presently using illicit drugs and the reasons why they use illicit drugs.   Their present problems involving drug use will then be connected to the participants’ past history of parental neglect.   For this purpose the subjects of this research will be limited to ages between 13-25. Illicit drugs – This concept will have same definition as the above.   For purpose of this research, the respondents will be asked to identify the kind of drugs they use and the age when they started using these illicit drugs.   The respondents will be asked to determine the reason/s why they started using illegal drugs. Parental neglect – The respondents will be asked whether they experienced neglect during their childhood and to describe the kind of relationship they have with their parents or whether they have positive or negative relationship with their parents.   If they have negative relationship with their parents, a follow up question will be asked whether the participants have been subjected to physical, verbal or sexual abuse.

The Gap Between ESL Programs and Mainstream Academics :: Education Academics China Language Essays

The Gap Between ESL Programs and Mainstream Academics The world of Academia is daunting even for one who speaks the language of the culture in which it is embedded. As I set about writing this paper, I must – as I imagine Ryuko Kubota must also have done in her crusade against stereotypical theories – make this subject real for me. This process of making sense of what has already been written, of my own and others’ responses to them, of how it applies to what I have observed in the real life of a Japanese student grappling through the rhetorical and cultural jungles, and how to synthesis it all into a crisp-written thesis, feels very much like preparing to birth a perfect, unwieldy egg. I have a vague vision of how it might look, yet I’ve no idea how it is supposed to come out of me. And, furthermore, what might hatch from it once it is in the world. This allows me a new appreciation for those going through this process without the advantage of their first language. This also stirs a sense of responsibility brought to my attention by Ruth Spack regarding the integrity of researchers – or anyone actively utilizing the discourse of dominance – who have in their hands not only the power of influencing individuals’ experiences learning a language, but swaying the course of social perception. In her criticism of the intellectual irresponsibility of colleagues such as Murphy, Carson & Nelson, whose poorly-supported generalizations about eastern cultures created a â€Å"snowball effect† in succeeding literature, she warned of the danger of seemingly harmless assertions being â€Å"treated as cultural truths and then applied inappropriately to other cases† (Spack, 769). It is with such particular acts that dangerous assumptions can debilitate core efforts toward clearer communication. It is therefore both with a sense of compassion for those having to situate themselves – and succeed – in a discourse not their own, and a sense of duty to contribute to a vaster understanding and acceptance of our world’s multiple consciousnesses, that I approach the issue of contrastive rhetoric and L2 writing. With unabashed contempt for the tendencies toward mass stereotyping found in much of the literature on contrastive rhetoric (except for recent criticism from Spack, Kubota and the like), I wanted to narrow the scope of my thesis as much as possible – to ground it in the directly-observable, and to strip away any supposition that my views are anything other than subjective.

Hamlet Act II Close Reading

William Shakespeare uses many types of literary devices to describe the very principle of Hamlet’s true battle. Hamlet compares himself to a â€Å"peasant slave† and to the talented actor, whom could give a convincing performance without feeling the true emotion. After his visit with the ghost (his supposed father), he has been dedicated to the idea of plotting revenge of his uncle-father. Although, it is difficult for Hamlet to perform this horrific act, because of his disgust of the emotionless scheming revenge. Lastly, for Hamlet to try and convince himself to follow through with this scheme, he arranges a trap to have Claudius unknowingly reveal that he is guilty. In the beginning of Hamlet’s soliloquy, he compares himself to a â€Å"rogue and peasant slave†, which points out that Hamlet is frustrated with himself. In this metaphor, Hamlet feels terrible that the actor could shed more emotion, and force his soul to feel made up feelings in a work of make-believe. The use of visual imagery is used when Hamlet describes his acting, â€Å"That from her working all his visage waned, tears in his eyes, distraction in his aspect, a broken voice, and his whole function suiting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here Hamlet is amazed by how easily the actor could show such emotion, and he even says â€Å"what would he do, had he the motive and the cue for passion that I have? † He knows that actor would be even more tremendous if that was the case, because the use of a hyperbole is noted when he says, â€Å"He would drown the stage with tears and cleave the general ear with horrid speech. After stating the above facts, Hamlet then looks at himself and sees himself as pathetic. His reflection of himself, describes that he is an unattractive, uncourageous mischief and protests that he primarily just mopes around and has no motivation to plot revenge and doubts his ability to achieve it. Another literary device utilized is the rhetorical questions he asks himself, â€Å"Am I a coward? Who calls me a â€Å"villain†? Breaks my pate across? Plucks off my beard and blows it in my face? Tweaks me by the nose? Gives me the lie I’ th’ throat as deep to the lungs? Again doubting himself for his lack of motivation. A bit of foreshadowing also takes place after these questions, when he asks another rhetorical question, â€Å"who does me this? ‘Swounds, I should take it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which could possibly take place later on in the play, that someone will call him out, and there is only one reason why someone would; his revenge on Claudius. Hamlet creates a conflict with himself deciding whether to go or not to go through with this horrific s cheme, but he reminds himself that his father’s life has been stolen so he must seek his revenge. Hamlet is planning to have the â€Å"players play something like the murder of [his] father before [his] uncle† that he can â€Å"observe his [his uncle’s] looks† to judge his guilt. Hamlet concludes to himself that â€Å"[he] know [his course]† of what to do if his uncle â€Å"do blench† or flinch. Shakespeare uses personification on the word murder, for he states that â€Å"murder, though it have no tongue, will speak with most miraculous organ†, referring to the situation of murder being able to speak through the actors. This is significant because it is a step forward towards Hamlet’s plot of revenge. Although, Hamlet may believe that â€Å"the spirit that [he] have seen may be the devil and devil hath power t’assume a pleasing shape†, this symbolizes the use of hell imagery and portrays the theme eye of the beholder. The devil can be very convincing and can disguise itself as something or someone we desire and enjoy. So, with that being said Hamlet concludes that â€Å"[he’ll] have grounds more relative than this. The play’s the thing wherein [he’ll] catch the conscience of the king. †

Apple was Founded by Steve Jobs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1476 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Steve Jobs Essay Did you like this example? In 1976, Apple was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak after Jobs dropped out of college. Jobs was responsible for innovation and business while Wozniak was responsible for the engineering portion, and both had no experience in running a company. Apple needed an experienced CEO, so they brought in Michael Scott to run the company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Apple was Founded by Steve Jobs" essay for you Create order He left in 1981, so Jobs brought in CEO of PepsiCo John Sculley in 1983. Issues began to arise because Jobs himself wanted to be CEO, but Apple did not believe he was the proper fit for the position. At this time, Jobs had created a poor reputation for being difficult to work with because he was too focused on details and at times, this affected his teams feelings and deadlines. (Weinberger) In 1985, Jobs and his team released the Lisa, the first computer with a graphical user interface. Although, it was a great product, it did not sell well in the market. He later created the Macintosh, which resulted in better sales, but was not enough to compete with IBMs PC market. Sculley believed that Jobs needed to be watched over considering he was difficult to work with, so Jobs was reassigned away from the Macintosh project and put in charge of New Product Development. Jobs being upset with this reassignment, went to Apples board of directors, who sided with Sculley. Jobs feeling powerless in a company he created, decided to resign on September 17, 1985 and moved on to create NeXT. Over the next couple of years, NeXT created good PCs but still had low sales. With Jobs gone and Scully in charge, Apple began to lose focus. Apple fired Sculley and eventually brought in Gil Amelio as CEO in 1996. In 1997, Amelio acquired NeXT, bringing back Jobs. By August, Jobs had taken over as CEO and brought in a new board, and made peace with Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft. Finally, in 1998, Apple introduced their iMac, bring the company back to its glory. I believe it was important for Apple to release Steve Jobs. After Jobs left, he started a new company and learned to manage his emotions that were affecting his team and learned to balance the desire and ability to create products on time and in budget. (Blodget). In our weekly assignments, we discussed the great comebacks of companies such as Harley Davidson and IBM. In the chapter discussing Harley Davidson, I learned about the importance of visionary leadership. Having a vision is someone who has a clear sense of the companys future environment and the actions need to thrive in it. (Hartley) A leader with vision will help their company take opportunities before competitors and raise itself up from any difficulties they are facing. Hartley states five ingredients of visionary leadership. The first is to challenge the process. A leader should encourage innovation and anyone with new ideas. The second is to be enthusiastic. A great visionary leader will inspire their team to share their vision. When sharing the same vision, employees will be on the same page and have the same enthusiasm to reach their companys future goals. Another ingredient is to help other to act; to be supportive of their teams efforts and skills. A visionary leader should set the example of how others should act in the workplace. The final ingredient is to celebrate achievements. Employees should bring their hearts and their minds to the workplace. In celebrating their achievements, they will be happier to work every day and more loyal to the companys vison. Before Steve Jobs was let go from Apple, he had a vision for his company, but he did not use all these ingredients to achieve leadership. Jobs worked with a team, but he allowed his emotions to interfere with his visions. The one ingredient he followed was to challenge the process. Jobs always had new ideas and was never afraid to share them. His issue was his immaturity stopped him from sharing his visions to the company in a way they can also envision it because he did not display model behavior, and he also did not encourage his team to share his vision. During this time, Jobs lost support from his teams along with the board of Apple. After Jobs left, he learned how to use these skills at his company NeXT. With Scully in charge and Jobs gone, Apple lost all their future vision, and struggled to innovate new products. Because of this, Scully was fired, and Apple searched for a new leader with great plans for their future. When Jobs returned to Apple, he displayed true visionary leadership. He had developed the skills to be leader and used these skills to bring Apple back from near bankruptcy. Throughout this class, I have also learned the importance of leadership style. Since the beginning of Apple, Jobs had always wanted to be CEO of the company. When the company was created Jobs could not take up that role because he had no experience in running a company. Although, at the time he was not labeled CEO, he attempted to act the role and failed miserably due to his leadership style. In Management Mistakes Successes by Robert F. Hartley, a chapter focused on the management mistakes made at Continental Airlines. Frank Lorenzo was CEO during Continental Airlines downfall. Lorenzo was failing the company by displaying poor corporate culture and had a poor management style. He was described as a Theory X manager, who has low opinions of subordinates. According to Hartley, a Theory X manager views their subordinates as, disliking work, lacking in ambition, irresponsible, resistant to change, preferring to be led rather than to lead. This management style brought fear into his employees. They were not willing to work hard, they feared to discuss new ideas, and failed to communicate any issues. To the save company, Continental Airlines brought in CEO, Gordon Bethune, described as a Theory Y manager. Harley describes a Theory Y manager to see their subordinates as, willing to work, willing to accept responsibility, capable of self-direction, capable of self-control, and capable of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity. With this style, Bethune won back the hearts of his employees and shared his vision of the company. By displaying the management style, he gained the trust of his team, and salvaged the airline. Before Jobs came back to save Apple, he could have been described as a Theory X manager. During the Macintosh project, jobs fired anyone who disagreed with the project and hired employees of his skill level. He was immature, stubborn and had no control over his emotions. He refused to listen to ideas other than his own and was described as mercurial and demanding. After returning to Apple, jobs could be better described as a Theory Y manager. He learned to encourage his employees ideas and had faith that his subordinates can manage themselves. Using this management style, Jobs gained the trust of his employees and board, along with his employees and board gaining their trust in him and was able to resurrect Apple from the edge of bankruptcy. Overall, I learned that Apple had to bring Steve Jobs back to regain the future vision of Apple. Although most say that Apples biggest mistake was allowing Jobs to leave, I believe it was a necessary action. His behavior was unacceptable in a professional environment, and he was not acting as a team player. If Jobs had never left Apple, then he may have never developed the skills he needed to become the inspiration leader he is today. In my opinion, if he did not leave, he would have never realized the mistakes he had made. By leaving, he evaluated his faults and learned to become an inspirational leader. With his new developed skills, he gave his company a vision. Jobs focused on attracting skilled and creative people who wanted to change the world by making better tools. Throughout this process, Jobs managed to make a lot of money, but that was never his goal. His high profits were a result of his clear vision, his executions, and his willingness to lead, fail, and to try again. (H usick) References Hartley, R. F. (2011). Management mistakes and successes. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Husick, L. (2011, September 11). What Students Can Learn from Steve Jobs. Retrieved from https://www.fpri.org/article/2011/09/what-students-can-learn-from-steve-jobs/ Blodget, H. (2013, September 23). Lets Get One Thing Straight Apple Had No Choice But To Oust Steve Jobs. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-had-no-choice-with-steve-jobs-2013-9 Weinberger, M. (2017, July 31). This is why Steve Jobs got fired from Apple and how he came back to save the company. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-apple-fired-returned-2017-7 Katzenbach, J. (2012, May 29). The Steve Jobs Way. Retrieved from https://www.strategy-business.com/article/00109?gko=d331b Steve Jobs: An Extraordinary Career. (2008, October 09). Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/197538